A healthy natural environment underpins the quality of life we enjoy today. Yet the biodiversity that makes this possible is now under severe threat. Scientists estimate that species are disappearing at a rate tens — or even hundreds — of times faster than the natural average over the past ten million years (Source: IPBES Global Assessment Report, 2019).
The international community has recognised the urgency of this challenge, designating 22 May as the International Day for Biological Diversity to promote greater public awareness. What is less widely appreciated, however, is that humans are not the only guardians of healthy ecosystems. Many other species play a vital role in sustaining the natural world — often in ways that surprise us. This article explores how certain animals contribute to biodiversity and what is being done around the world to protect them.
The State of Biodiversity: A Growing Crisis
Human civilisation depends on an intricate web of relationships between living organisms. “Biodiversity” encompasses three interconnected levels: the diversity of natural environments such as forests and oceans; the variety of species — from animals and plants to microorganisms; and the genetic differences that exist between individuals of the same species.
The state of global biodiversity is deteriorating. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), an index measuring the health of nature and wildlife fell by 73% between 1970 and 2020 (Source: Living Planet Report 2024).
If current trends continue, the world risks falling short of numerous global targets, including the Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030.
Animals That Support Ecosystems
Across the natural world, species of all kinds contribute to maintaining ecological balance in their own distinct ways. Honeybees and earthworms are well-known examples, but some of the most important contributors are far less obvious. Below are a few that are worth highlighting.
Sea Otters
Sea otters are often described as a “keystone species” — one whose presence is essential to maintaining the balance of an entire ecosystem. Sea urchins, which sea otters prey upon, can devastate underwater kelp forests if their numbers go unchecked. By keeping urchin populations under control, sea otters allow kelp to flourish, preserving a vital habitat for a wide range of marine life.
Oysters
Oysters play a quiet but crucial role in maintaining water quality and supporting rich marine environments. As they feed on plankton, oysters filter large volumes of seawater, removing excess nutrients and pollutants in the process. This natural filtration promotes clearer water, enabling seagrasses and algae on the seabed to photosynthesise more effectively. Dense clusters of oysters — known as oyster reefs — also create complex three-dimensional structures that provide shelter and breeding grounds for fish, crabs, and other marine creatures. In this way, oysters act as a nursery for ocean life and a foundation for diverse, thriving ecosystems.
Conservation Dogs
Conservation dogs are specially trained to use their extraordinary sense of smell in support of wildlife protection. They can locate the droppings or feathers of endangered species, and detect invasive species that threaten ecological balance — gathering data with a precision and efficiency that far exceeds what humans alone could achieve.
New Zealand is among the countries making most active use of conservation dogs. There, trained dogs help locate the kiwi — a flightless bird unique to New Zealand and critically at risk — as well as other native species that are difficult to find by sight alone. On the front line of biodiversity protection, these animals are an indispensable tool.
International Efforts to Protect Wildlife
Despite the vital roles these species play, many of them now face serious threats to their survival. Climate change and habitat loss driven by overdevelopment have caused populations to decline across the board. Yet conservation initiatives are gaining momentum around the world.
The Netherlands: Protecting Bees
Declining wild bee populations have become a global concern. For the Netherlands — the world’s second-largest agricultural exporter — this is a particularly pressing issue: approximately 75% of food crops and over 85% of wild plants depend on pollinators such as bees. Yet more than half of the roughly 360 bee species found in the Netherlands are considered at risk of extinction (Source: World Economic Forum).
In response, a range of conservation efforts has taken root across the country. Since 2018, the National Bee Count has invited members of the public to record the number of bees visiting their gardens and balconies, providing valuable data on species distribution and population trends.
Other initiatives include Honey Highway, which involves planting wildflowers on unused land along motorways and in industrial areas, and Bee Bus Stops, where the roofs of bus shelters are planted with greenery. Both schemes make creative use of urban infrastructure to provide bees with feeding grounds and habitats within city environments (Source: The Guardian).
United States: Restoring Oysters
New York was once one of the world’s great oyster-producing regions, and oysters were a staple of everyday life for New Yorkers. Over time, however, overharvesting and severe industrial pollution effectively wiped them out. In recent years, a major effort has been under way to bring them back.
The centrepiece of this effort is the Billion Oyster Project, which aims to restore one billion live oysters to New York Harbour by 2035. The project collects oyster shells from restaurants and other food businesses, then uses them as a substrate for cultivating new oyster reefs in the harbour.
What sets the project apart is its community-driven model. Local schools and volunteers are central to its operations, and the results speak for themselves: to date, over 150 million oysters have been returned to the water, approximately 1,360 tonnes of oyster shells have been recycled, and more than 30,000 students have taken part — gaining hands-on environmental education in the process.
Closing Thoughts
Biodiversity is a cornerstone of the natural capital that underpins our economies and societies. As the examples in this article illustrate, approaches such as Nature-based Solutions — which harness natural processes to address societal challenges — and green infrastructure — which integrates the functions of nature into urban environments — offer practical pathways to conservation and sustainable coexistence.
The World Economic Forum estimates that more than half of global GDP is dependent on natural capital (Source: World Economic Forum). This is a reminder that the wellbeing of human society and the health of the natural world are inseparable.
Small, everyday actions can make a difference: taking a closer interest in the nature around you, or choosing products that carry credible environmental certifications. Collectively, these choices add up — and they matter more than we might think.
Neuromagic’s SusSol (Sustainability Solutions Group) leverages extensive expertise in digital design, strategy, and sustainability to support companies in advancing sustainability in an integrated manner.
Through consulting, research, and workshops, we help define strategic direction through gap analysis and benchmarking, and provide end-to-end support from developing and implementing data-driven roadmaps to external evaluation, materiality extraction, and sustainability communication.
